Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy
Early detection plays a critical role in preventing colorectal cancer. The American Cancer Society advises individuals at average risk to begin routine screening at age 45. A colonoscopy is a straightforward diagnostic procedure used to identify polyps and signs of cancer in the colon.
The exam typically lasts about 30 minutes, and patients are sedated for comfort throughout. Most patients describe the experience as manageable and are able to resume normal eating habits and activities the following day.
Advanced, Patient-Focused Care
The American Cancer Society ranks colon cancer as the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the U.S., excluding certain skin cancers. Thanks to improved screening practices and advancements in treatment, overall rates have declined. However, diagnoses in adults under 50 have been rising steadily, increasing by about 1–2% annually since the 1990s.
If you have concerns about your colorectal cancer risk or are experiencing symptoms, the team at Gastroenterology Associates can guide you. We provide personalized risk assessments, treatment recommendations and care plans tailored to your needs. Our experienced providers in Hilo offer colonoscopy screenings to support early detection.
It’s normal to feel unsure about having a colonoscopy. Understanding how the process works can help ease anxiety and help you feel more prepared.
What Is a Colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a procedure that allows a physician to examine the inside of the colon and rectum. It helps detect inflammation, abnormal tissue, polyps, ulcers and cancer. The test uses a colonoscope—a flexible, finger-width tube equipped with a small camera and light.
Your provider may recommend a colonoscopy if you have:
- Rectal bleeding or unexplained discharge
- Ongoing abdominal discomfort
- Unexpected weight loss
- Persistent digestive issues such as diarrhea, constipation or incontinence
Frequently Asked Questions About Colonoscopy
Colonoscopies can be performed using general anesthesia, which puts you in a sleep-like state, or with conscious sedation, which keeps you relaxed and comfortable. Your doctor will discuss the best option for you ahead of the procedure.
What to expect during a colonoscopy:
- Prior to the procedure, you’ll receive instructions on dietary restrictions and how to prepare your bowel.
- On the day of the exam, medication is given to help you relax. Many patients sleep through the procedure and have little to no memory of it.
- The physician inserts the colonoscope through the rectum to assess the colon lining. During the procedure, they may:
- Deliver medications
- Place stents
- Remove polyps
- Close wounds
- Treat abnormal tissue
- The procedure usually takes 30 to 45 minutes. Because sedation affects reflexes and alertness, you’ll need someone to drive you home. Most anesthesia effects wear off within 24 hours.
Colonoscopy might help diagnose:
- Colorectal cancer – when cells in the colon or rectum grow out of control.
- Colorectal polyps – growths in the rectum or large intestine.
- Chronic colitis – persistent inflammation of the colon, the main part of the large intestine.
- Intestinal ischemia – a serious condition caused by reduced blood flow to part of the intestine.
- Ischemic colitis – colon inflammation caused by reduced blood flow.
- Diverticulosis – the presence of diverticula or small pouches bulging outward through the colon.
- Diverticulitis – inflammation of the diverticula.
- Ulcers – open and painful sore.
- Colon perforation – tear, puncture or cut in the colon wall.
- Large bowel obstructions – a medical emergency wherein something blocks the large intestine, causing gas and stool to build up and may result in intestine rupture.
Because sedation is used, most patients remain asleep or deeply relaxed and feel little to no discomfort. The colon is gently inflated with carbon dioxide to improve visibility, which may cause mild pressure or temporary gas afterward.
After the procedure, you’ll be monitored in a recovery area while your vital signs are checked. Passing gas and mild cramping are common, and walking can help relieve discomfort. You’ll receive discharge instructions based on your condition, including avoiding alcohol for at least 24 hours.
Contact your doctor if you experience:
- A firm or swollen abdomen
- Ongoing abdominal pain
- Fever or chills
- Frequent or bloody bowel movements
- Difficulty passing gas
When to Start Colorectal Cancer Screening and How Often
The right timing and frequency for colorectal screening depends on your personal risk factors. Our team is here to help you stay proactive and make informed decisions about your digestive health.